|
Die Spinel and Diamant Parure, Fürstin Bagration trägt im Bild eine Schulterbroche mit einem großen Edelstein gerahmt von einer Reihe großer Diamanten, die Brosche ist ähnlich dem Mittelstein ihres Spinel Kamms aus ihrer Spinell Diamant Parure.
Fürstin Katharina Pawlowna Bagration russisch Екатерина Павловна Багратион, geborene Gräfin Katharina Pawlowna Skawronskaja, 1783-1857 war eine russische Aristokratin. Nach dem frühen Tod ihres Vaters wuchs sie zusammen mit ihrer jüngeren Schwester Maria, der späteren Gräfin von der Pahlen und Gräfin Ojarowski, in der Obhut der russischen Zarin Katharina II., die sie „Grand-mère“ nannten, in Sankt Petersburg auf. Die beiden Mädchen erhielten für die damalige Zeit eine umfassende Ausbildung und sprachen fließend Französisch, Deutsch, Englisch und Italienisch.
Katharina war die älteste Tochter des Diplomaten und Grafen Pawel Martinowitsch Skawronski (1757–1793) und seiner Ehefrau, der Hofdame Katharina Wassiljewna Engelhardt (1761–1829), einer Tochter von Basil Andreiwitch Engelhardt, Graf von Smolensk, und der Helena Alexandrowna Potemkin. Mütterlicherseits war sie eine Großnichte des Feldmarschalls Grigori Alexandrowitsch Potjomkin und väterlicherseits die Großnichte der Zarin Katharina I.
Am 2. September 1800 wurde sie in Gattschina mit dem um vieles älteren General Fürst Pjotr Iwanowitsch Bagration (1765–1812), dem ältesten Sohn des Fürsten Iwane Bagration aus der königlichen Dynastie der georgischen Bagratiden, verheiratet. Die Ehe, die allen Berichten zufolge unglücklich verlief, blieb kinderlos. Im Jahr 1801 annektierte Zar Paul I. das Königreich Georgien, das unter König Herakleios II. aus dem Hause Bagration mit der Zarin Katharina II. einen Schutzvertrag geschlossen hatte. Eine Verschwörung gegen den Zaren, der sich mit Napoleon Bonaparte gegen Großbritannien verbünden wollte und an der ihr Ehemann beteiligt gewesen war, zwang das Ehepaar zur Flucht aus Russland.
Im März 1801 kehrte der Fürst – nach der Ermordung des Zaren – allein nach Sankt Petersburg zurück, da Katharina wegen einer Lungenentzündung in Dresden bleiben musste. Einige Wochen wohnte sie bei seinem Freund, dem Fürsten Czartoryski und dessen Frau, der Schriftstellerin Izabella von Flemming.
Hier begegnete Fürstin Bagration dem österreichischen Gesandten und Diplomaten Graf Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich (1773–1859) und stürzte sich bedenkenlos in eine Liebesaffäre. Aus der Dresdner Zeit stammt auch der Spitzname, den man der Fürstin ihrer stets gewagten Dekolletés wegen verlieh: Hinter vorgehaltener Hand nannte man sie den „Nackten Engel“. Die Beziehung endete, als Metternich nach Wien zurückgerufen wurde. Aus der Liaison mit dem Grafen Metternich ging eine Tochter, Marie-Clementine Bagration (* 10. November 1803 in Dresden; † 26. Mai 1829 in Paris), hervor. Clementine lebte ab 1814/15 bei der Familie Metternich, bis sie am 12. Juli 1828 den dänischen Grafen Otto von Blome (1795–1884) heiratete. Sie starb im Jahr darauf, acht Tage nach der Geburt ihres einzigen Kindes.
Nach Jahren der Trennung sahen sich Katherina und Metternich in Paris bei der Krönung Napoléon Bonapartes wieder, später in Wien, wo Katharina für ihren Cousin, den Zaren Alexander I., als Agentin fungierte – offiziell vertrat sie die gesellschaftlichen Belange Russlands. Fürstin Bagration war zur Zeit des Wiener Kongresses schon Witwe. Ihr Mann, General Bagration, war am 24. September 1812 nach der Schlacht von Borodino seinen Verletzungen erlegen. Beim Wiener Kongress durchtanzte sie die Nächte an der Seite Zar Alexanders und bildete den strahlenden und umschwärmten Mittelpunkt rauschender Feste. Sie wurde von zahllosen Männern umworben, unter anderen von Kronprinz Wilhelm von Württemberg.
Nach dem Wiener Kongress lebte die Fürstin Bagration in Paris. In ihrem Haus in der Rue St. Honoré führte sie einen erfolgreichen literarischen Salon, der von literarischen und politischen Zelebritäten besucht wurde. In zweiter Ehe heiratete Fürstin Katharina am 11. Januar 1830 den britischen Diplomaten John Hobart Caradoc, 2. Baron Howden (1799–1875), von dem sie sich jedoch bald wieder trennte. Sie starb 1857 in Italien.
We see the Princess Bagration in the picture wearing her famous muslin gown, on her shoulder she pinned a large gemstone and diamond cluster brooch. It is similar in size and design, to the center stone of her comb, part of the historic diamond and spinel parure. Probably it was the same and could be worne in different ways.
Princess Catherine was the heiress to the fabulous jewelry collection of her great uncle Potemkin, and it is possible that her finances were flagging at the end of her life.
She sold some items, including the famous "Potemkin Diamond", which was purchased by the Emperor Napoléon III for his wife the Empress Eugénie, after whom it was subsequently named (See Empress Eugénie (diamond)). She finally died during a trip to Venice, on 2 June 1857
. She became notorious everywhere and was called le Bel Ange Nu ("the beautiful nude angel")because of her passion for revealing dresses, and Chatte Blanche ("the White Cat"), because of her unlimited sensuality. Lord Palmerston noted in his memoirs that the Princess only wore translucent Indian muslin, which adhered closely to her figure. From her mother, however, she had inherited an angelic face, alabaster white skin, blue eyes, and a cascade of golden hair. Even when she was thirty it was said she still had the skin of a fifteen-year-old.
She was the daughter of Count Pavel Martinovich Skavronsky, Chamberlain of the Royal Court to Naples, and Yekaterina von Engelhardt, niece and at the same time favorite of Prince Grigory Potemkin. She was educated at the court of the Empress Catherine II the Great and the Empress Maria Feodorovna, wife of her son Emperor Paul I; and later became a maid of honor for the Empress Maria.
In 1800 the Paul I of Russia, who was well known for his caprices, found out that General Pyotr Bagration, a Prince of the Bagrationi dynasty, was secretly in love with Catherine. The Emperor often used to marry members of his court off to each other, and one day at the Palace of Gatchina he suddenly announced that it was his intention to attend the marriage of General Bagration and Countess Catherine Skavronskaya. The Countess was said to be in love with Count Peter von der Pahlen, and even the prospective groom was shocked. Nobody however dared to argue with the monarch, and the wedding took place on 2 September in the chapel of the Gatchina Palace, near St. Petersburg.
This is what General Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langéron had to say about this union : "Bagration married the young niece of the great Prince Potemkin. This rich and lustrous partner did not suit him. Bagration was a mere soldier, with the tone and manners of one, and he was extremely ugly. His wife was as white as he was black, and she was as beautiful as an angel, bright, the liveliest of the beauties of St.Petersburg; she would not be happy with such a husband for long...".
In the year 1805 the Princess finally broke up with her husband and went to Europe. The couple had no children. She traveled so extensively that she had a special carriage made, with an elegant ladder that allowed her to climb in and out of it comfortably.
Her husband the Prince, however, refused to hear a word said against her, insisting that the affairs of his household were his business alone; she was his wife and he would stand up for her. Her huge expenditure on receptions and clothes belied her claims of sickness, but he remained a generous husband and continued to pay her bills. The Prince even remonstrated with the Princess's mother, who had started to get irritated by her daughter's extravagance. In 1808, a military Order was awarded to the wives of those generals who had particularly distinguished themselves in the recent war. Princess Bagration was bypassed, and the pride of her husband was wounded. He argued that Ekaterina bore his name, and that was enough: "She should be rewarded, because she's my wife ...". The Prince paid thousands of roubles for debts Princess Catherine had accumulated from living in Vienna.
There were rumors about her connection with the Saxon diplomat Count Friedrich von der Schulenberg, a Prince of Württemberg, Lord Charles Stewart and others. Goethe met her in Karlsbad, and admired her beauty; she had just started a new romance with Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, who ended his relationship with Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich for her. The Prince soon died in the Battle of Saalfeld, and the princess returned once more to Vienna. She then became the mistress of the very influential Prince Klemens von Metternich and had a daughter by him in Vienna on 29 September 1810, whom she named Marie-Clementine after the natural father. While Prince Bagration was forced by the Tsar to officially acknowledge her paternity, Metternich, on his part, made no secrecy of his fatherhood and the girl even lived with the Prince's family from 1814 until getting married
Princess Catherine was an extremely emancipated lady for her age, and played like a man, choosing for herself which man to take as lovers, and which as just friends. After travelling for many years between one European capital and another, she settled in Vienna. Based there the Princess made her home into one of the most brilliant salons of society, a distinctly pro-Russian, anti-Napoleonic salon.The Princess set up a covert diplomatic post without any official authorization. Her salon was constantly filled with the rich and famous. She maintained a friendship with Goethe and corresponded with him. She boasted that she knew more political secrets than all the envoys put together. Under her influence, Austrian high society began to boycott the French Embassy. Napoléon found her to be a serious political opponent. As a result of her closeness to Prince von Metternich, she was later able to persuade him to let Austria join the anti-Napoleonic coalition.
Prince Bagration, despite his age, continued to fight for Russia in the Napoleonic War. Finally, at the Battle of Borodino on 26 August 1812, he was mortally wounded in the leg; he developed gangrene due to lack of treatment, and finally died sixteen days later on 12 September. Shortly before he died he had commissioned two portraits from Volkov, one of himself and the other of his wife. After his death his effects were carefully searched; the sister of Alexander I, Catherine (Ekaterina) Pavlovna had been passionately in love with Prince Bagration, even Napoléon had proposed to her, but she refused because of her love for the Prince. He had refused her advances because he still adored his wife Catherine, and she quickly married her first cousin Wilhelm, later to become King William (Wilhelm) I of Württemberg. Her compromising letters were discovered among his papers, along with an oval miniature of his true love, Catherine.
In 1815 the Princess Catherine greeted the victory of the Russian army over Napoléon, and during the Congress of Vienna she held a grand ball in honor of the Russian emperor Alexander I. She was not only his intimate friend but during, and after the war, she constantly supplied the Russian Emperor with information about the political mood in Europe.
In the same year she moved to Paris, where the secret police kept her luxurious mansion at number 45 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré under surveillance. Informants hired to follow the princess constantly sent them reports. One informant wrote: "This lady is very well known in high society due to her political influence and coquetry. On Monday night, quite late, two Poles left her, and one of them, Count Stanislas Potock returned. Such antics are frequent. .. the Duchess is very fickle. "
She counted many Parisian celebrities among her close friends: Stendhal, Benjamin Constant, the Marquis de Custine, even the Queen of Greece. The Princess's cook for a time was Marie-Antoine Carême, the founder of Haute Cuisine The writer Balzac, despite his sloppy dress sense, had been a frequent visitor to Princess Catherine's salon in Vienna, amusing the ladies with his stories, so naturally when she moved to Paris he became one of her friends Balzac mentions in one of his letters that she was one of the two women upon whom he based the character Feodora, heroine of his first novel 'La Peau de Chagrin'. Similarly Victor Hugo mentions her salon in Les Misérables.
In Paris on 18 January 1830 she married the British general and diplomat Sir John Hobart Caradoc, 2nd Baron Howden and Grimston; she was fifteen years his senior. For a while her married name became Caradoc. They had no children, and later broke up and filed for a formal separation. By 1849 she was on the move again and visited London, apparently for the first time.
Even in her old age, when her limbs could no longer support her, she would rest with great elegance and a suggestive manner.
The Empress Eugénie diamond, which she had sold to Napoléon III, was taken to England when the now ex-Royal Family went into exile. When their finances became tight it was auctioned by Christies and bought by the then Gaekwad of Baroda, India, Malhār Rāo. It remained in the Gaekwad princely family for some time, but at some point was sold again, and now seems to be in private Russian hands. In 1977, the Duke of Westminster purchased a diamond and spinel tiara and matching set of jewels reported to have belonged to Catherine Bagration as an engagement present for his future bride Natalia “Tally” Phillips.
Sources:Wikipedia
Link unseres Sponsors:::: Diamanten
:::: Brillantcollier und Diamant-Anhänger
:::: Exquisite Siegelringe und Wappenringe
::::
|
